Evaporated milk
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Evaporated milk, also known as dehydrated milk, is a shelf-stable canned milk product with about 60% of the water removed from fresh milk. It differs from condensed milk, which contains added sugar. Condensed milk requires less processing since the added sugar inhibits bacterial growth.
When mixed with an equal amount of water, evaporated milk becomes the equivalent of fresh milk. This means the actual liquid product takes up half the space of fresh milk, making it attractive for shipping purposes and can have a shelf life of months or even years, depending upon the brand. This made evaporated milk very popular before refrigeration as a safe and reliable substitute for perishable fresh milk, that could be shipped easily to locations lacking the means of safe milk production or storage. Households in the affluent Western World use it most often today for desserts and baking due to its unique flavor.
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[edit] Definition
According to the U.S. Government (21CFR131.130): "Evaporated milk is the liquid food obtained by partial removal of water only from milk. It contains not less than 6.5 percent by weight of milk fat, not less than 16.5 percent by weight of milk solids not fat, and not less than 23 percent by weight of total milk solids ... It is homogenized. It is sealed in a container ... processed by heat ... to prevent spoilage."
Vitamin D: Each fluid ounce of the food shall contain 25 International Units (IU)
Vitamin A: is optional, but if added, each fluid ounce of the food shall contain not less than 125 IU.
[edit] History
Condensed milk was introduced to the U.S. by Gail Borden which he made using a process under the patent issued on August 19, 1856. It became popular for those people who were remote from farm sources, since it was capable of long term storage. The invention of evaporated milk followed three decades later when John B. Meyenberg emigrated to the U.S. from Switzerland where he had devised the process, but had no support to begin production. He obtained two U.S. patents for his process and sterilizing apparatus, issued on November 25, 1884. He formed the Helvetia Milk Condensing Company on February 14, 1885, with a number of farmers and businessmen of Highland, Illinois, as stockholders. By June 14, 1885, the first canned "Highland Evaporated Cream" was ready to be marketed.
There were problems with the new product, with premature spoilage in early batches. Over the next few years, Louis Latzer and Dr. Werner Schmidt solved the problems which had been found to be caused by bacteria. With the marketing efforts of John Wilde, the company became successful as Pet, Inc., and is now part of General Mills.
John P. Meyenberg, son of John B. Meyenberg, was the first American to evaporate goat’s milk. He started the Meyenberg business in 1934, supplying goat milk products that are more digestible than cow's milk, and an alternative for people (like himself) who were allergic to cow’s milk.
[edit] Modern production process
Evaporated milk is fresh, homogenized milk from which 60 percent of the water has been removed. It is then chilled, fortified with vitamins and stabilizers, packaged and sterilized. A slightly caramelized flavor results from the high heat process, and it is slightly darker in color than fresh milk. The evaporation process also concentrates the nutrients and the food energy. Thus, for the same weight, undiluted evaporated milk contains more food energy than fresh milk.
[edit] International
In Malaysia, evaporated milk contains palm oil. It is one of the ingredients to make Teh Tarik in Malaysia and Singapore. Also it is added in brewed tea and coffee to make Teh See and Kopi C respectively.
[edit] Notable producers
Evaporated milk is sold by several manufacturers:
- Carnation Evaporated Milk or Nestlé Evaporated Milk by Nestlé. During the 1950s, it sponsored such classic television shows as "Burns & Allen" and "The Jack Benny Show", among others, and commercials for the milk were often worked into the episodes, which was then a common practice. It was sold by Carnation under the slogan "the milk from Contented Cows."
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Cooking with Canned Milk, including recipes and tips
- 21CFR131.130 - a section of U.S. Government regulations on milk.
- PET History - history of evaporated milk and the PET company.
- Today in Science History - Meyenberg's patent describing his evaporation process of preserving milk