Leaf miner
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Leaf miner is a term used to describe the larvae of many different species of insect which live in and eat the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera) and flies (Diptera), though some beetles and wasps also exhibit this behavior.
Like Woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves themselves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. In attacking Quercus robur they also selectively feed on tissues containing low tannin levels, which the tree has produced in greater abundance as a defence.[1]
The precise pattern formed by the feeding tunnel is very often diagnostic for which kind of insect is responsible, sometimes even to genus level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape and host plant identity are useful to determine the species of leaf miner. A few mining insects utilise other parts of a plant, such as the surface of a fruit.
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[edit] Relationship with Humans
Leaf miners are regarded as pests by many farmers and gardeners as they can cause damage to agricultural crops and garden plants, and can be difficult to control with insecticide sprays as they are protected inside the plant's leaves.
Leaf miner infection can be reduced or prevented by planting trap crops near the plants to be protected. For example, lambsquarter, columbine, and velvetleaf will distract leaf miners, drawing them to those plants and therefore reducing the incidence of attack on nearby crops. This is a method of companion planting.
[edit] References
[edit] See also
- Agromyzidae (Leaf miner flies)
- Douglasiidae
- Gracillariidae
- Horse-chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella)
- Tenthredinidae (some species)
- Tinagma (largest genus of Douglasiidae)
- Tischerioidea (Trumpet leaf-miner moths)
- Folivore
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leaf mining |
- British leafminers is an excellent resource on the British leaf mining fauna, many of which are distributed widely across Europe.
- leafminers of southeastern U.S. woody ornamentals
on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
- Liriomyza trifolii, American serpentine leafminer
- Liriomyza sativae, vegetable leafminer
- Phyllocnistis citrella, citrus leafminer
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